• Meaning of the term “Power Sharing”
• Ethnic composition based on language
• Ethnic composition based on religion
• Case study of Belgium
• Case study of Sri Lanka

• Sinhala sought domination through Majoritarianism
• Steps taken to establish Sinhala supremacy

• Belgium Leaders recognized diversity to amend the constitution
•  Elements of the Belgian Model of accommodation

Power-sharing is desirable for 2 Reasons

• Prudential Reason
• Moral Reason

Forms of Power-sharing

• Power-sharing among different organs of government
• Power-sharing among different levels of government
• Power-sharing among different social groups
• Power-sharing among different political parties, pressure groups and movements

• Concept of federalism
• Difference between Federal and Unitary

• Levels of Government
• Jurisdiction of the respective levels

A detailed explanation of types of Federations

• Coming together Federation
• Holding together Federation

• Union List
• State List
• Concurrent List
• Residuary List

• Special status to J&K (Article 370)
• Union territory
• Special Status to Union territory

• • Story of what happened in Mexico Olympics in 1968
  • Information about Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Peter Norman
  • Explanation of the Civil rights movement
  • Explanation of the terms – Black power & African – American

• How differences, similarities, and divisions are related to each other
• How social differences originate on the basis of
  • Accident of birth
  • Choices we make

• Explanation of Overlapping differences
• Explanation of Cross-cutting differences

• Do divisions affect politics?
• How politics affects social divisions?
• Range of outcomes

• How people perceive their identities?
• It depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community
• How the government reacts to the demands of different groups

• Introduction about the chapter gender, religion, and caste

• Gender and politics
• Problem of considering gender division as a natural and unchangeable
• Sex Vs gender
• Public/private division
• Political expression of gender

• Explanation about the discrimination against women

• Explained problems in women’s political representation with solutions

• Explained about the religion, communalism, and politics

• What were the reasons due to which struggle movements take place in Nepal?
• What do we mean by restoring democracy?
• Story of king Birendra?
• How did the movement evolve?

• Who was King Gyanendra?
• What were the demands that were accepted by the king?

• Why popular struggles are an integral part to the working of democracy?
• Story of Bolivia?
• How did the movement evolve in Bolivia?

• What we have learned from the story of Nepal and Bolivia?
• What we can conclude from the examples of Nepal and Bolivia?

• Explained why do we need political parties?

• Functions of political parties
• Political parties contest elections
• Parties put forward different policies and programs
• Parties play decisive role in making laws
• Parties form and run government
• Parties play the role of opposition
• Parties shape public opinion
• Access to government machinery and welfare schemes

• Necessity of political parties
• Independent candidates
• Representative democracy
• Different opinions of society

• How many parties should we have?
• One-party system
• Two-party system
• Multi party system

• Explained about national parties

• Democracy and other forms of government?
• What are the advantages of democracy?
• Why people prefer democracy?

• What do we expect from democracy?
• Why government should be accountable in a democracy?
• Is the democratic government efficient?
• Democratic Vs non-democratic?
• Decision making in a democratic country?

• What are the different issues on which the performance of democratic country rely?

• Does democracy produce a good government?
• Democracies Vs Dictatorships?
• Is development guaranteed in a democracy?
• Economic growth in less developed countries?

• Variety of challenges in a democracy?

• Challenges faced by democracy of different countries in different contexts?

• How can we overcome the challenges?
• What do we mean by political reform?

• What do we mean by political practice?
• What is the proposal reform?
• Some challenges that require political reforms?